Skip to main content

Upper Bound Probability of Double Spend Attack on SPECTRE

#DAG#proof-of-work

We obtained analytical expressions of upper estimates for success probability of a double spend attack on DAG-based consensus protocol SPECTRE, depending on network parameters. Using such estimates, it is possible to evaluate the number of confirmation blocks that is sufficient for prevention of such attacks.

Full paper

View/download PDF

Related papers

Partner with research

Investing in and contributing to Input Output Research means supporting one of the most rigorous and peer-reviewed blockchain R&D efforts in the world. Our work bridges academia and industry, advancing decentralization, security and scalability while creating open knowledge that benefits the entire ecosystem. Whether through funding, collaboration, or partnership, contributors play a vital role in shaping innovations that are ethical, impactful and built to endure.