Security analysis of slot leaders election procedure for PoS-based blockchains with on-chain randomness generation

The paper presents two versions of grinding attack on slot leaders election procedure for PoS and DPoS consensus protocols with on-chain

randomness generation, in which an adversary tries to increase his ratio of blocks with commitments or blocks in the whole epoch. It is shown

that even in the best case for the adversary he needs at least around 40% of the whole stake to succeed in this attack. The adversary with a stake

ratio about 44% can easily capture half of all blocks in the epoch with probability close to 1.